West Nile virus (WNV) is a virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and is transmitted mainly through the bite of infected mosquitoes, especially of the Culex genus. This virus is endemic in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe, but has also caused outbreaks in North America, Central America and the Caribbean.
Effects and symptoms:
Mild symptoms: Most people infected with West Nile virus have no symptoms or only mild flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, and sometimes a rash.
Neuroinvasive disease: In a small percentage of cases, WNV can cause more serious diseases that affect the central nervous system. This may include:
Encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain, which can cause high fever, severe headache, confusion, and seizures.
Meningitis: Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, with symptoms such as stiff neck, fever, and severe headache.
Paralysis: In severe cases, the virus can cause muscle weakness or paralysis, although this is less common.
West Nile Fever Syndrome: It can also cause a more severe form of fever with severe symptoms that may last longer and lead to complications.
The risk of developing severe symptoms increases with age and in people with compromised immune systems. Although there is no specific treatment for West Nile virus, symptom management is recommended and, in severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for support and treatment of complications. Prevention focuses on avoiding mosquito bites, using repellents, protective clothing, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.
Recommendations to avoid contracting the West Nile virus
West Nile virus (WNV) is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Here are some recommendations to reduce the risk of contracting it:
Use insect repellent: Apply repellents that contain DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus or IR3535. Follow product instructions for safe and effective application.
Dress appropriately: When outdoors, especially during times when mosquitoes are most active, wear light-colored, long-sleeved clothing, long pants, and socks.
Eliminates mosquito breeding sites: Mosquitoes reproduce in stagnant water. Empty, clean, or cover any containers that can collect water, such as pots, buckets, and puddles.
Install mosquito nets: Use mosquito nets on the windows and doors of your home to keep mosquitoes out. Make sure the mosquito nets are in good condition and without holes.
Use air conditioning: Mosquitoes tend to avoid cool places with air movement. If possible, use air conditioning instead of opening windows.
Maintain your yard: Keep grass and plants trimmed, and regularly clean areas where water may accumulate.
Avoid areas with many mosquitoes: If possible, avoid areas with a high concentration of mosquitoes, such as ponds and areas with dense vegetation.
Control mosquitoes at home: Use insecticide sprays or mosquito traps inside your home if necessary.
If you experience symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle or joint pain, rash, or more serious symptoms such as confusion, weakness, or seizures, seek immediate medical attention as these may be signs of a WNV infection .
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